Free Essays on History Of Propaganda

Propaganda originally came from the College or Congregation of Propaganda. The College of Propaganda was founded by Pope Gregory the 15’th in 1622. Their job was to represent the Catholic Church in foreign lands. They raised the opinion of the church by setting up missions which â€Å"saved†, fed, and helped the foreigners. Propaganda acquired it’s first widely viewed negative connotation in Paris around 1790 when The Propaganda or Les Ambassadeurs de genre humain. The Propaganda’s mission was to bring to agitate other citizens against the rulers by expressing, â€Å"opinions and principles which are viewed by most governments with horror and aversion.† Propaganda is still associated with a group of people though, and not necessarily with a form of media. This is, however, the first time propaganda took on a commonly accepted negativity. This negative meaning spread quickly. In America, G. Seldes wrote in 1929 that, â€Å"The term propaganda has not the sinister meaning in Europe which it has acquired in America...† At about that same time, the Nazi party was perfecting propaganda techniques for domestic as well as foreign use. The Nazis were masters of negative propaganda. They used their talent to bring pride to the Aryan race, to domonstritize ethnic, religious, and the disabled, and condemn the foreign powers that resisted them. Lenni Riefenstahl was the most skilled, and is the best known Nazi artist/propagandist. Her movie, Olympia, did a beautiful job of presenting the Summer Olympics, praising the sill, strength, and superiority of the Aryan race. In Triumph of the Will she recorded the 1934 Nuremberg rally. â€Å"†¦Riefenstahl's masterpiece†¦ combines the strengths of documentary and propaganda into a single, overwhelmingly powerful visual force.† Hitler’s speech at the Nuremberg rally contained propaganda praising the Aryan, and condemning the Jews, Gypsies, and other minorities, as well as other governm... Free Essays on History Of Propaganda Free Essays on History Of Propaganda Propaganda originally came from the College or Congregation of Propaganda. The College of Propaganda was founded by Pope Gregory the 15’th in 1622. Their job was to represent the Catholic Church in foreign lands. They raised the opinion of the church by setting up missions which â€Å"saved†, fed, and helped the foreigners. Propaganda acquired it’s first widely viewed negative connotation in Paris around 1790 when The Propaganda or Les Ambassadeurs de genre humain. The Propaganda’s mission was to bring to agitate other citizens against the rulers by expressing, â€Å"opinions and principles which are viewed by most governments with horror and aversion.† Propaganda is still associated with a group of people though, and not necessarily with a form of media. This is, however, the first time propaganda took on a commonly accepted negativity. This negative meaning spread quickly. In America, G. Seldes wrote in 1929 that, â€Å"The term propaganda has not the sinister meaning in Europe which it has acquired in America...† At about that same time, the Nazi party was perfecting propaganda techniques for domestic as well as foreign use. The Nazis were masters of negative propaganda. They used their talent to bring pride to the Aryan race, to domonstritize ethnic, religious, and the disabled, and condemn the foreign powers that resisted them. Lenni Riefenstahl was the most skilled, and is the best known Nazi artist/propagandist. Her movie, Olympia, did a beautiful job of presenting the Summer Olympics, praising the sill, strength, and superiority of the Aryan race. In Triumph of the Will she recorded the 1934 Nuremberg rally. â€Å"†¦Riefenstahl's masterpiece†¦ combines the strengths of documentary and propaganda into a single, overwhelmingly powerful visual force.† Hitler’s speech at the Nuremberg rally contained propaganda praising the Aryan, and condemning the Jews, Gypsies, and other minorities, as well as other governm...

Education Programs for African American Students Essay

Education Programs for African American Students - Essay Example Speaking about the problem mentioned above we should pay attention to the history of Special Education and its functions. It will help to see the current issue from inside. The history of Special Education is an example of realization of democratic principles in educating the children, whose abilities are worse than intermediate. From 1875 to 1920 American schools are a source of social changes. The early attempts of organizing the educational establishments for the children, who needed special care, were included to special schools, where students were prepared for life and got educated. These schools were organized with the aim of giving service to the people with deep, easily identifying disabilities. Later some classes for the disabled were opened in common schools. In 1878 two classes for the students with behaviour disturbance were organised. In the end of the 19th century the responsibility of educating the disabled was recognized. The year of 1954 brought a law, which claimed compulsory education for all people (not considering race, ethnic identity, gender and disabilities). During the history of special education the disability differentiation was the main point for discussion. According to the law students should get special care if they have the following disabilities: mental disability, ear disturbance, speech disturbance, eye disturbance, serious emotional disturbance, autism, and some difficulties in learning.

Relationship between Business Level Strategy, Corporate Level Strategy Essay

Relationship between Business Level Strategy, Corporate Level Strategy and Network Level Strategy - Essay Example As the report discusses successful business level strategies depend on sound customer base. Identification of the groups of customers, the needs and preferences of those customer groups and the core competencies that the firm will be using to satisfy the customer needs form the basis of the business level strategies. Thus the key issues the firm should address while deciding on the business level strategies are the nature of goods and services the firm wants to offer the customers, how to produce such goods and services and how the goods and services can be efficiently be distributed. Once formed the business level strategy reflects where and how the firm has an advantage over its rivals. This paper stresses that Corporate Level Strategy specifies actions the firm takes to gain a competitive advantage by selecting and managing a group of different businesses competing in several industries and product markets. A corporate level strategy value is determined by the degree to which the different segments of businesses will prove worth to continue under the same management of the company than they would be under any other form of organization or ownership. Thus an effective corporate level strategy creates across all the business units of the firm cumulative returns that will exceed those returns which the company would earn without the corporate strategy. It also contributes to the strategic competitiveness of the firm. The firm’s ability to earn above-average returns would also be improved.... Once formed the business level strategy reflects where and how the firm has an advantage over its rivals. (Slater and Olsen 2000) 3.0 Corporate Level Strategy: Corporate Level Strategy specifies actions the firm takes to gain a competitive advantage by selecting and managing a group of different businesses competing in several industries and product markets. Markides (1997) describes that a corporate level strategy is expected to help the firm earn above-average returns by creating values just as with the diversified firm's business level strategies. A corporate level strategy value is determined by the degree to which the different segments of businesses will prove worth to continue under the same management of the company than they would be under any other form of organization or ownership. Thus an effective corporate level strategy creates across all the business units of the firm cumulative returns that will exceed those returns which the company would earn without the corporate strategy. It also contributes to the strategic competitiveness of the firm. The firm's ability to earn above-average returns would also be improved. 4.0 Network level Strategy: The Network level strategy defines inter-organizational relationships. Having access to multiple collaborations increases the likely-hood that additional competitive advantages will be formed as the set of resources and capabilities being shared expand. (Rudberg & Olihager 2003) One of the primary benefits of a network level strategy is the firm's opportunity to gain access to a multitude of firms' resources and capabilities. When this happens the probability greatly increases, that partners will find unique ways to uniquely share their resources and capabilities to form competitive advantages.

Medical Tourism in India Essay Example for Free

Medical Tourism in India Essay After the silicon rush India is now considered as the golden spot for treating patients mostly from the developed countries and Far East for ailments and procedures of relatively high cost and complexity. India is also aggressively promoting medical tourism in the current years -and slowly now it is moving into a new area of medical outsourcing, where subcontractors provide services to the overburdened medical care systems in western countries. Indias National Health Policy declares that treatment of foreign patients is legally an export and deemed eligible for all fiscal incentives extended to export earnings. Government and private sector studies in India estimate that medical tourism could bring between $1 billion and $2 billion US into the country by 2012. Going by the Statistics and various studies it can be easily said that India would be the leader in medical tourism within the next decade if only it could improve the infrastructure and tour attractions. The question or rather the doubt that is often asked by critics is how can India provide top line medical care to outsiders while more than 40% of its people languished below poverty line and less than 20% of its people can actually afford medical services. Ethically and morally this problem has to be solved if India has to move into the category of developed country and also as a place which provides medical care to both its own people and patients from other country The aim of this project is to put a finger on the highly profitable service of medical care combined with tourism in which India is currently considered as a market leader. It has been a known fact for past many decades that Indian doctors are highly skillful in their given field since all around the globe mot hospitals have doctors of Indian origin. Therefore it became almost natural that this trend extended to India. This project also aims to show why India is attracting medical tourists, is it really a secure destination and how India can promote and develop this particular activity in the coming years so as face competition given by other Asian and African options. CHAPTER .2 Research and Methodology Introduction The objective of this chapter is to present the research methodology of the present study. The chapter deals with various aspects of research methodology on Medical tourism in India and a comparative analysis are made. For the present study as more emphasis was laid down on discovery of ideas and insights is can be called descriptive research as on attempt have been made to get insight into the Medical tourism in India. Further, the study is also and descriptive nature as a descriptive study is typically concerned with determines. Here, attempts have been made to find out the correlation of people towards Medical tourism in India. Objective The key objective of the project is to study the emerging opportunities and future prospects in the Indian medical tourism market. The project discusses various industry trends and growth drivers that are fuelling growth in the market and tries to study their impact on the future scenario. Basic Research Problem of the Study Competition and marketing issues are seen as the major problems facing organisations involved in medical tourism. Other key issues are: †¢ Insufficient demand †¢ Insurance and liability issues †¢ Lack of quality standards and international standards †¢ Lack of professionalism within the industry Assumption of the Study According to medical tourism facilitators the leading medical tourism destinations are India, Thailand, USA, Hungary and Malaysia. The USA, UK and Russian Federation are seen as the leading source of patients both now and in the future. Countries rated as providing the best overall service to patients are Thailand, India, and Singapore. Respondents predicted that India, Thailand, and Singapore will also be the leading medical tourism destinations in five years time. Methods of Data Collection The data has collected in two ways. †¢ Primary Data: Primary data are those, which are collected for the first time, and they are original in character. Primary data gives higher accuracy and facts, which is very helpful for any research and its findings. I have collected primary data by personal interview. †¢ Secondary data: The secondary data are those, which are already collected by someone for some purpose and are available for the present study. Secondary data was collected from the magazines, websites and other such sources. CHAPTER .3 Medical tourism: A Global perspective Medical tourism happens when patients go to a different country for either urgent or elective medical procedures. This phenomenon is fast becoming a worldwide, multibillion-dollar industry. The reasons patients travel for treatment vary. Many medical tourists from the United States are seeking treatment at a quarter or sometimes even a 10th of the cost at home. From Canada, it is often people who are frustrated by long waiting times. From Great Britain, the patient cant wait for treatment by the National Health Service but also cant afford to see a physician in private practice. For others, becoming a medical tourist is a chance to combine a tropical vacation with elective or plastic surgery. And moreover patients are coming from poorer countries such as Bangladesh where treatment may not be available and going for surgery in European or western developed countries is expensive. The interesting thing of Medical tourism is that it is a concept which is actually thousands of years old. In ancient Greece, pilgrims and patients came from all over the Mediterranean to the sanctuary of the healing god, Aesculapius, at Epidaurus. In Roman Britain, patients took a dip in the waters at a shrine at Bath, a practice that continued for 2,000 years as it was believed that the waters had a healing property. From the 18th century wealthy Europeans travelled to spas from Germany to the Nile. In the 21st century, relatively low-cost jet travel has taken the industry beyond the wealthy and desperate. Countries that actively promote medical tourism include Cuba, Costa Rica, Hungary, India, Israel, Jordan, Lithuania, Malaysia and Thailand. Belgium, Poland and Singapore are now entering the field. South Africa specializes in medical safaris-visit the country for a safari, with a stopover for plastic surgery, a nose job and a chance to see lions and elephants. Thailand While, so far, India has attracted patients from Europe, the Middle East and Canada, Thailand has been the goal for Americans. India initially attracted people who had left that country for the West; Thailand treated western expatriates across Southeast Asia. Many of them worked for western companies and had the advantage of flexible, worldwide medical insurance plans geared specifically at the expatriate and overseas corporate markets. With the growth of medical-related travel and aggressive marketing, Bangkok became a centre for medical tourism. Bangkoks International Medical Centre offers services in 26 languages, recognizes cultural and religious dietary restrictions and has a special wing for Japanese patients The medical tour companies that serve Thailand often put emphasis on the vacation aspects, offering post-recovery resort stays. South Africa South Africa also draws many cosmetic surgery patients, especially from Europe, and many South African clinics offer packages that include personal assistants, visits with trained therapists, trips to top beauty salons, post-operative care in luxury hotels and safaris or other vacation incentives. Because the South African rand has such a long-standing low rate on the foreign-exchange market, medical tourism packages there tend to be perpetual bargains as well. Argentina Argentina ranks high for plastic surgery, and Hungary draws large numbers of patients from Western Europe and the U.S. for high-quality cosmetic and dental procedures that cost half of what they would in Germany and America. Dubai Lastly, Dubaia destination already known as a luxury vacation paradiseis scheduled to open the Dubai Healthcare City by 2010. Situated on the Red Sea, this clinic will be the largest international medical center between Europe and Southeast Asia. Slated to include a new branch of the Harvard Medical School, it also may be the most prestigious foreign clinic on the horizon. Other countries Other countries interested in medical tourism tended to start offering care to specific markets but have expanded their services as the demand grows around the world. Cuba, for example, first aimed its services at well-off patients from Central and South America and now attracts patients from Canada, Germany and Italy. Malaysia attracts patients from surrounding Southeast Asian countries; Jordan serves patients from the Middle East. Israel caters to both Jewish patients and people from some nearby countries. One Israeli hospital advertises worldwide services, specializing in both male and female infertility, in-vitro fertilization and high-risk pregnancies. South Africa offers package medical holiday deals with stays at either luxury hotels or safaris. Leading countries in the field of medical tourism CHAPTER .4 Indian tourism: An overview Tourism will expand greatly in future mainly due to the revolution that is taking place on both the demand and supply side. The changing population structure, improvement in living standard, more disposable income, fewer working hours and long leisure time, better educated people, ageing population and more curious youth in the developed as well as developing countries, all will fuel the tourism industry growth. The arrival of a large number of customers, better educated and more sophisticated, will compel the tourist industry to launch new products and brands and re-invents traditional markets. The established traditional destinations founded on sun-sea-sand products will have to re-engineer their products. They must diversify and improve the criteria for destinations and qualities of their traditional offers. Alongside beach tourism, the tourism sector will register a steady development of new products based on natural rural business, leisure and art and culture. Thus the study of new markets and emerging markets and necessity of diversified products are the basis of our strategy, which can enhance and sustain, existing and capture new markets. It is India’s vastness that challenges the imagination: the sub-continent, 3200km (2000 miles) from the mountainous vastness of the Himalayas in the north to the tropical lushness of Kerala in the south, is home to one sixth of the world’s population, a diverse culture and an intoxicatingly rich history. Desert in Rajasthan, tropical forests in the north eastern states, arid mountains in the delta region of Maharashtra and Karnataka and vast fertile planes in northern states of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana etc are just some of the geographical diversity that can be observed. We have a wealth of archeological sites and historical monuments. Manpower costs in the Indian hotel industry are one of the lowest in the world. This provides better margins for any industry which relies on man power. One of the fascinations of India is the juxtaposition of old and new; centuries of history – from the pre-historic Indus civilization to the British Raj – rub shoulders with the computer age; and Bangalores ‘Silicon Valley’ is as much a part of the worlds largest democracy as the remotest village is.

The Pitiful Ghost in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Litera

The Pitiful Ghost in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s tragic drama, Hamlet, there is one character who is different from all the others. He is a supernatural being – a Ghost. His role is quite as important as anyone else’s. This essay will be devoted to an explanation of this Ghost.    Maynard Mack in â€Å"The World of Hamlet† elucidates the reader on how the Ghost introduces the problem of appearance versus reality:    The play begins with an appearance, an â€Å"apparition,† to use Marcellus’ term – the ghost. And the ghost is somehow real, indeed the vehicle of realities. Through its revelation, the glittering surface of Claudius’ court is pierced, and Hamlet comes to know, and we do, that the king is not only hateful to him but the murderer of his father, that his mother is guilty of adultery as well as incest. Yet there is a dilemma in the revelation. For possibly the apparition is an apparition, a devil who has assumed his father’s shape. (247)    So there is considerable doubt regarding this spirit within the mind of the protagonist – until after the decisive action of the play when both Horatio and Hamlet witnessed Claudius’ reaction. W.H. Clemen in â€Å"Imagery in Hamlet Reveals Character and Theme† describes the pervasive influence which the Ghost’s words have on the entire play:    Perusing the description which the ghost of Hamlet’s father gives of his poisoning by Claudius (I,v) one cannot help being struck by the vividness with which the process of poisoning, the malicious spreading of the disease, is portrayed:    Sleeping within my orchard,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My custom always of the afternoon,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With juice of cursed hebenon in a vial,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And ... ...o: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.         

Crash: White People and Movie

Crash (2004) Directory Paul Haggis Crash is a movie that takes place in a two-day period and puts racism right in the face of viewers. From the time the movie starts to the time the movie ends, there is racism covered. The opening scene shows a black couple driving and gets pulled over by two white cops. One of the white cops starts harassing the black couple and leads to comments about race. It quickly turns worse as the white cop starts molesting the female of the couple they pulled over. Which in turn then causes a debate between the black couple about being controlled by white people.This was just the opening scene of the movie. This is a very powerful scene that leads up to all the events happening during the movie. There is racism in every part of this movie and from every angle. The movie shows how people themselves can be racist toward their own race and others. Crash breaks down stereotypes and shows how each has race certain features that the race has. There were scenes tha t showed what stereotypes Muslims have and how they talk to each other and own small convenience store. Later in the movie their store was trashed and spray paint on their walls called them â€Å"towel heads†.There was a Mexican lock smith who was in a white woman’s house changing out locks and was said to have the look of gang members and go to his â€Å"homies† with an extra set of keys to rob them. Which later shows him with his family at home and him loving his daughter. The list goes on and on with each different race to show stereotypes and how they are perceived and then shows the character in the way they live their life in that movie, being that it a true state of truth or what the real life is. Crash brings real life situations to light. There is a lawyer who even uses a race card to try to get people on his side.It is not how he honestly feels but it is how he is seen in the public eye. Brendan Fraser plays the, not so popular, role of the lawyer. A v ery different role for him to play and puts him as a bad character. Every movie he has completed, he has been a good guy type and lovable. Crash puts him into a category where later on could get fans to turn on him for this role. But he does a great job portraying this character truthfully. All the characters in the movie appear to have some kind of connection to each other, but not knowingly connected.Each character starts their own story, but by the end of the movie, shows how they all are connected to each other. They movie ends with the racist white cop who molested the black female from the couple he pulled over in the beginning of the movie, saving her life from a firey car accident. She tries to reject his help because of what happened earlier, but knows she has no other choice to accept his help. It shows that sometimes first impressions are not always true and people could be different from what they pictured in their head.When they showed the background on the racist cop, they showed he had troubles at home with is father that he loved and cared for. And he was not getting sleep because of the type of care he was giving him. Later on calling for help from his insurance company, who happens to be a black female with a â€Å"typical† black female name, causing another racist remark. But, again, the only thing he is looking for is help for his father. The black female insurance person was very angry about how she was being treated on the phone and that he was being racist. But later in the movie, it showed that she herself was making racist remarks.This movie has very real life situations. This movie can and does happen in everyday life. I have seen it happen and been around it when it happened. Everyone has stereotypes towards all races. Is that racism? Maybe and maybe not! It’s all how you act out on it. And in this movie Crash, everyone acts out on his or her beliefs of every race. In fact, the movie was based on a real life incident, w hich happened to director and writer Paul Haggis when his car was hijacked in 1991. (â€Å"Crash(2004),† ) Since this story was created on real life, it could happen and will most likely happen again in life. I, personally, loved the movie.It had a very powerful and strong message. Crash got you to hate and yet like the characters. Some parts pulled at my heartstrings and got me to cry multiple times. Why did I cry during this movie? I cried because I can see this happening everyday. I can see how this hurts people and how desperate people can be to make themselves look good. The movie did win BEST PICTURE and BEST WRITING awards at the Oscars the following year. The script was done perfect. A lot of thought went into writing this and brought in from personal experience. We all have own thoughts on how every race is seen in the public eye.Everyone doesn’t know what happens behind closed doors. When things happen behind closed doors, we do not know the whole complete st ory. And that’s when judgment is brought out. Racism happens everyday. It can be happening right in front of us or we can be the guilty party of creating it. It is a hard battle to fight when there is so much happening everyday. We choose which we do. Stand together and fight against this evil or keep going living our lives with hate towards each other and act like nothing is wrong. Crash(2004). (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0375679/faq

Racism Is No Less Prevalent Here - 1999 Words

It is the nineteen forties in Lorain, Ohio and though it may not be the deep south, the presence of racism is no less prevalent here. In this day and age, little black girls dance through life thinking they are lesser than their white counterparts. This is something fed to them in all aspects of their lives. They see white people on the big screen, in their beverages, and even on their candies. This lack of representation, coupled with the fact that they are constantly taught that white is right and black is wrong, continues to build up until the only logical outcome is to hate themselves. They hate themselves because the world has given them no other option. This is known as internalized racism, and can be just a damaging as racism from white people because this is a self-hatred. Self-hatred cannot be escaped, nor can it be ignored. This topic is a highly uncommon one to come across in books, and when it is found it is often incidental. Toni Morrison has never shied away from the un known, though. The Bluest Eye tackles issues such as white beauty standards, child rape, and the devastating consequences of internalized racism. Internalized racism is present in every aspect of our society, regardless of whether or not we’re aware of it. It destroys each and every person of color, and does not discriminate between the light or dark skinned. The only ones who benefit are white people. Each and every white person benefits in some way from this form of racism both in The BluestShow MoreRelatedOur Modern Educational System Creates An Environment Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesit is very prevalent in my life as I am a student. These issues are very important for everyone currently in the system. High school students are specifically affected because that is where racism and test scores are the most relevant; they need to be informed on how their daily school life is being impaired. 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